{"id":34323,"date":"2022-01-25T11:40:41","date_gmt":"2022-01-25T10:40:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/?p=34323"},"modified":"2022-03-21T10:37:33","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T09:37:33","slug":"prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles\/","title":{"rendered":"Prototypage virtuel #3 : entendre des guitares virtuelles"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34323\" class=\"elementor elementor-34323\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4effd625 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"4effd625\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;waves&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M421.9,6.5c22.6-2.5,51.5,0.4,75.5,5.3c23.6,4.9,70.9,23.5,100.5,35.7c75.8,32.2,133.7,44.5,192.6,49.7\n\tc23.6,2.1,48.7,3.5,103.4-2.5c54.7-6,106.2-25.6,106.2-25.6V0H0v30.3c0,0,72,32.6,158.4,30.5c39.2-0.7,92.8-6.7,134-22.4\n\tc21.2-8.1,52.2-18.2,79.7-24.2C399.3,7.9,411.6,7.5,421.9,6.5z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f9eed3f\" data-id=\"4f9eed3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355b690c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"355b690c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prototypage virtuel #3 : entendre des guitares virtuelles<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45056947 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"45056947\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ef11192 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/2022\/01\/25\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>25\/01\/2022<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-e52f4f7 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-tags\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/category\/innovation\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">innovation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/category\/innovation\/recherche-appliquee-organologie\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Recherche appliqu\u00e9e organologie<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a805cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a805cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-256b88f2\" data-id=\"256b88f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13949e60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"13949e60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34325\" alt=\"prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12db6dc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"12db6dc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57a033d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57a033d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dafe67c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dafe67c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><b>Ce troisi\u00e8me article sur le prototypage virtuel a pour but de faire entendre des instruments virtuels.<\/b><\/div><div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/div><div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><b>Avec les deux premiers articles, nous avons vu que les simulations des instruments de musique pouvaient pr\u00e9dire correctement des caract\u00e9ristiques r\u00e9elles et cela a permis de d\u00e9montrer que le choix de barrage \u00e9tait pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant par rapport au mat\u00e9riau. Nous avons abord\u00e9 la fa\u00e7on de vibrer de l&#8217;instrument ou de la partie d\u2019instrument, mais qu\u2019en est-il du son ?<\/b><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div><p>Les mod\u00e8les d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s se basent sur un dessin assist\u00e9 par ordinateur (DAO) d\u2019une g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de table de guitare avec chevalet, sillet, rosace et barrages (figure 1).<\/p><p>Un mod\u00e8le pr\u00e9sente un barrage de type OM, guitares \u00e0 corde acier et un autre mod\u00e8le pr\u00e9sente un barrage de type guitares de jazz manouche, de type SELMER.<\/p><p>Ces deux barrages sont tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents, le premier est compos\u00e9 principalement d\u2019une grande croix avec un angle d\u00e9cal\u00e9 du sens du fil du bois de la table et de diff\u00e9rentes barres de soutien, parall\u00e8les entre elles.<\/p><p>Le second barrage est compos\u00e9 de barres parall\u00e8les toutes perpendiculaires au sens du fil du bois de la table.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b4c5a67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b4c5a67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a473dee\" data-id=\"a473dee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a810687 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a810687\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"673\" height=\"785\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FOLK.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34328\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FOLK.png 673w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FOLK-600x700.png 600w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FOLK-257x300.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e198d3c\" data-id=\"e198d3c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e87fb91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e87fb91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"661\" height=\"755\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SELMERSB.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34331\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SELMERSB.png 661w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SELMERSB-600x685.png 600w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SELMERSB-263x300.png 263w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca71eb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca71eb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i>Figure 1 : mod\u00e8les de barrages simul\u00e9s, gauche : type Martin OM, droite : type SELMER<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e2a0cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e2a0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dafe67c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dafe67c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><p>Afin de r\u00e9aliser des simulations et faire ainsi de la conception, il faut ajouter de la physique dans cette g\u00e9om\u00e9trie. Pour cela, nous associons des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques propres au bois (ici l\u2019\u00e9pic\u00e9a), telles que sa densit\u00e9, mais aussi ses diff\u00e9rentes rigidit\u00e9s en fonction des directions du bois (longitudinale, radiale et tangentielle).\u00a0<\/p><p>Puis, il est n\u00e9cessaire de simuler les conditions d\u2019encastrement de la table sur les contre \u00e9clisses (les renforts des \u00e9clisses, les c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l&#8217;instrument, pour augmenter la surface de collage).<\/p><p>Nous calculons ensuite les fr\u00e9quences de r\u00e9sonance des deux cas, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire, les fr\u00e9quences pour lesquelles la table se met \u00e0 vibrer d\u2019une fa\u00e7on caract\u00e9ristique avec des motifs g\u00e9om\u00e9triques bien d\u00e9finis, des \u201cmodes de vibration\u201d. Nous les calculons jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une fr\u00e9quence de 3000 Hz, ce qui repr\u00e9sente une quarantaine de fr\u00e9quences de r\u00e9sonance.<\/p><p>Ces diff\u00e9rents calculs permettent de d\u00e9crire le comportement vibratoire de la table de guitare aux points d\u2019appui des cordes. Par ailleurs, le comportement vibratoire d\u2019une corde de guitare peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par des modes de vibrations, qui d\u00e9pendent des caract\u00e9ristiques de la corde (masse, tension, amortissement\u2026). \u00c0 partir de ces informations, nous construisons un mod\u00e8le math\u00e9matique d\u2019une guitare simplifi\u00e9e, dans lequel 6 cordes sont reli\u00e9es \u00e0 la table. Ce mod\u00e8le permet de simuler la r\u00e9ponse vibratoire de l\u2019assemblage lorsqu\u2019une ou plusieurs cordes sont pinc\u00e9es, dans le but de synth\u00e9tiser le son rayonn\u00e9 par la table.<\/p><p>Vous pouvez \u00e9couter les types de barrages en cliquant sur une des images ci-dessous. Pour cet article il ne s\u2019agit que d\u2019un accord. Retrouvez-vous les caract\u00e9ristiques sonores de chaque guitare ?<\/p><p>Pour aller plus loin, on peut tester de nouvelles formes de barrages, par exemple celui sur la figure 3. On peut donc entendre de nouveaux types de barrages avant de les construire.<\/p><p>Le prototypage virtuel appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la facture instrumentale en plein d\u00e9veloppement, est en passe de devenir un v\u00e9ritable outil de conception, permettant des \u00e9conomies de temps et de mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re lors de la fabrication d\u2019un instrument. C\u2019est l\u2019un des projets principaux du p\u00f4le recherche et innovation de l\u2019ITEMM avec ses partenaires.<\/p><p>Retrouvez-nous le 28 Janvier \u00e0 la journ\u00e9e nouveaux espaces sonores o\u00f9 nous pr\u00e9senterons le prototypage virtuel lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re.<\/p><\/div><p>Auteurs : Romain VIALA, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric ABLITZER<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-95db091 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"95db091\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a47b745\" data-id=\"a47b745\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79fd7f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"79fd7f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"653\" height=\"770\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FOLK1_167.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34329\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FOLK1_167.png 653w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FOLK1_167-600x708.png 600w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FOLK1_167-254x300.png 254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb2a5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fb2a5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-62264-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_1.wav?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_1.wav\">https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9c94fb\" data-id=\"a9c94fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-054e029 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"054e029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"796\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SELMER1_289.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34330\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SELMER1_289.png 683w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SELMER1_289-600x699.png 600w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SELMER1_289-257x300.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20a885b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20a885b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-62264-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_2.wav?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_2.wav\">https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_2.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ba931 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35ba931\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i>Figure 2 : Modes de r\u00e9sonance de tables de guitares avec deux barrages diff\u00e9rents, cliquer sur l\u2019image pour entendre chaque table. La couleur rouge correspond au d\u00e9placement maximal, et la couleur bleue \u00e0 une immobilit\u00e9. Gauche :&nbsp; barrage folk, mode \u00e0 170 Hz, droite : barrage de guitare type SELMER, mode similaire mais cette fois-ci \u00e0 295 Hz, 1.7 fois plus haut.<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5bcc42c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5bcc42c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a22fd9e\" data-id=\"a22fd9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c05d38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c05d38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/DC_BACK-2-rfyatnxe77d2v9qwyrddo4zpjqkp511we9gljoiups.jpg\" title=\"DC_BACK-2\" alt=\"DC_BACK-2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ce9ee9\" data-id=\"9ce9ee9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c2352d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0c2352d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"265\" height=\"307\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/DC_130.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34326\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/DC_130.png 265w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/DC_130-259x300.png 259w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 265px) 100vw, 265px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7a7c29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7a7c29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i>Figure 3 : Exemple de barrage en composite d\u00e9coup\u00e9 au laser. Cliquer sur l\u2019image pour entendre un\u00a0 accord avec ce barrage., mode \u00e0 130 Hz<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-867c8d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"867c8d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-62264-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_3.wav?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_3.wav\">https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/SON_3.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5323e6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5323e6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>R. Viala, M.A. Perez, V. Placet, A. Manjon, E. Folt\u00eate, S. Cogan, Towards model-based approaches for musical instruments making: validation of the model of a Spanish guitar soundboard and characterization features proposal, Appl. Acoust. 172 (2020) 107591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apacoust.2020.107591.<br \/><\/em><br \/><em>R. Viala, V. Placet, S. Cogan, Model-based evidence of the dominance of the guitar brace design over material and climatic variability for dynamic behaviors, Appl. Acoust. 182 (2021) 108275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apacoust.2021.108275.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-617c65ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"617c65ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cf61cff\" data-id=\"6cf61cff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c3c9665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c3c9665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Partager cet article<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6180c930\" data-id=\"6180c930\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-115aee86 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-flat elementor-share-buttons--color-custom elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"115aee86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur email\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-envelope\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5504bea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5504bea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-611515ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"611515ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plus \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30527203 elementor-grid-2 elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"30527203\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-62267 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-anciens-eleves category-101 description-off\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/francois-xavier-soulard-loreille-dacier-du-concours-international-de-piano-de-mayenne\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve-300x169.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-61517\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve.jpg 970w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">anciens \u00e9l\u00e8ves<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/francois-xavier-soulard-loreille-dacier-du-concours-international-de-piano-de-mayenne\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tFran\u00e7ois-Xavier Soulard : l&#8217;oreille d&#8217;acier du Concours International de Piano de Mayenne\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Alors que les virtuoses s\u2019affrontent sur sc\u00e8ne, un homme \u0153uvre dans l\u2019ombre pour que la magie op\u00e8re. Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Soulard, l&#8217;accordeur officiel du concours, est le<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t28 avril 2026\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-62264 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-anciens-eleves category-101 description-off\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/yannick-laridon-le-scientifique-devenu-docteur-des-accordeons-a-riom\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve-300x169.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-61517\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/article-ancien-eleve.jpg 970w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">anciens \u00e9l\u00e8ves<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/yannick-laridon-le-scientifique-devenu-docteur-des-accordeons-a-riom\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tYannick Laridon, le scientifique devenu \u00ab docteur \u00bb des accord\u00e9ons \u00e0 Riom\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>\u00c0 Riom, dans le Puy-de-D\u00f4me, Yannick Laridon a op\u00e9r\u00e9 un virage professionnel radical. Ancien chercheur en biologie, il a d\u00e9laiss\u00e9 les \u00e9prouvettes pour se consacrer<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t28 avril 2026\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce troisi\u00e8me article sur le prototypage virtuel a pour but de faire entendre des instruments virtuels.\u00a0Avec les deux premiers articles, nous avons vu que les simulations des instruments de musique pouvaient pr\u00e9dire correctement des caract\u00e9ristiques r\u00e9elles et cela a permis de d\u00e9montrer que le choix de barrage \u00e9tait pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant par rapport au mat\u00e9riau. Nous avons&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3004,"featured_media":34325,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[245,2177],"tags":[2452,2534],"class_list":["post-34323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","category-recherche-appliquee-organologie","tag-prototypage","tag-prototypage-virtuel","category-101","description-off"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Prototypage virtuel #3 : entendre des guitares virtuelles | Itemm -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itemm.fr\/itemm\/prototypage-virtuel-3-entendre-des-guitares-virtuelles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prototypage virtuel #3 : entendre des guitares virtuelles | Itemm -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce troisi\u00e8me article sur le prototypage virtuel a pour but de faire entendre des instruments virtuels.\u00a0Avec les deux premiers articles, nous avons vu que les simulations des instruments de musique pouvaient pr\u00e9dire correctement des caract\u00e9ristiques r\u00e9elles et cela a permis de d\u00e9montrer que le choix de barrage \u00e9tait pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant par rapport au mat\u00e9riau. 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